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This month鈥檚 Book Club Pick is Timefulness by Marcia Bjornerud, a terrific selection as we approach Earth Day. Few of us have any conception of the enormous timescales of our planet鈥檚 long history, and this narrow perspective underlies many of the environmental problems we are creating. The lifespan of Earth can seem unfathomable compared to the brevity of human existence, but this view of time denies our deep roots in Earth鈥檚 history鈥攁nd the magnitude of our effects on the planet. Timefulness reveals how knowing the rhythms of Earth鈥檚 deep past and conceiving of time as a geologist does can give us the perspective we need for a more sustainable future. This book features beautiful storytelling and lovely illustrations from Haley Hagerman. Reviewing the book in Science, David Wunsch writes that it 鈥渕ade me feel as though I was having a glass of wine with a friend who was explaining geologic history while sketching on a napkin.鈥� It鈥檚 a deeply profound book that is a perfect choice for fans of John McPhee鈥檚 Annals of the Former World or Richard Powers鈥� Overstory.  

The discussion questions below are meant to guide your conversations, and we encourage you to share highlights from your discussion鈥攁nd pictures!鈥攙ia social media, using hashtag #ReadPUPforBookClub.

Discussion Questions

1. Bjornerud defines chronophobia as 鈥渢ime denial, rooted in a very human combination of vanity and existential dread,鈥� distinguishing between its visible (Young-Eartherism, creationism) and invisible (fiscal years, congressional terms) forms. What are some examples from your day-to-day life of encounters with visible and invisible chronophobia?
2. In chapter 1, A Call for Timefulness, Bjornerud introduces the idea that 鈥渞ocks are not nouns but verbs鈥攙isible evidence of processes: a volcanic eruption, the accretion of a coral reef, the growth of a mountain belt.鈥� How might changing our grammatical understanding of the planet鈥檚 geologic composition to fit this idea effect the way we relate to Earth and our place on it?
3. How did the groundbreaking geological theory of uniformitarianism introduced by James Hutton and championed by Charles Lyell pave the way for Charles Darwin鈥檚 On the Origin of Species?
4. In chapter 2, An Atlas of Time, Bjornerud details the long and complicated process to determine the age of the Earth at 4.55 billion 卤 70 million years. What were some of the ways that geologists and physicists conflicted and ultimately collaborated to reach this number?
5. How did Marie Tharp鈥檚 remarkable quest to map the seafloor revolutionize the field of geochronology? What do you think kept the scientific community from acknowledging the significance of her work?
6. In Chapter 3, The Pace of the Earth, Bjornerud describes the Earth鈥檚 symphonic harmony of tectonics and erosion, and the accompanying ecological response. How do human beings fit into this natural cycle?
7. Were you surprised when Bjornerud introduced the idea that not all geologic change happens slowly? Did you share Hutton, Lyell, and Darwin鈥檚 belief that most geologic processes move at imperceptibly slow rates? Will you think about planetary change differently after reading this book?
8. In Chapter 4, Changes in the Air, Bjornerud writes that 鈥渢he geologic past often acts as a screen onto which we project our deepest fears,鈥� citing how the Cold War nuclear anxiety of the 1980s provided the cultural context for the popularization of the Alvarez meteorite impact hypothesis. Can you think of examples of this kind of projection in the current public conversation around climate change?
9. In the opening anecdote from Chapter 5, Great Accelerations, Bjornerud describes the epiphanic moment she accidentally shattered a watermelon-colored crystal in an abandoned mine in central Colorado. Can you think of a similar time in your life when you began to reckon with the impact that you, as a living person in the twenty-first century, have on the natural world?
10. In Chapter 6, Timefulness, Utopian and Scientific, Bjornerud outlines her vision for adopting Kurt Vonnegut鈥檚 imagined Secretary of the Future position in the US Cabinet. What ideas do you have for introducing a more polytemporal worldview into government? And what consequences do you think this shift toward more timeful public policy could have?

av福利社 the Author

Marcia Bjornerud is professor of geology and environmental studies at Lawrence University. She is the author of Reading the Rocks: The Autobiography of the Earth and a contributing writer for Elements, the New Yorker鈥檚 science and technology blog.